Historical Events: 1965-1970

1966- Miranda Rights are created in 1966 as a result of the United States Miranda v. Arizona. Ernesto Miranda was charged for kidnapping and rape and stated that suspects should be informed of their legal rights when they are placed under arrest.  The Miranda Rights is to protect the suspect’s Fifth Amendment right to refuse to answer self-incriminating questions. The Miranda rights come from the British Magna Carta. The document was a series of promises between the Kings, that he would govern England according to the customs of the feudal law. Magna Carta was made by the Byron to stop a King from abusing his power with the people of England Suffering. So, the Magna Carta was applied to the Miranda Rights. The Miranda Rights is said after an arrest is made and the officer will say something as such: “You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have a right to an attorney. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you.” The Miranda Rights have been enforced in all criminal cases.  

1967- On October 9^th, 1967 socialist revolutionary and guerilla leader Che Guevara was killed by the Bolivian army.  Bolivian Forces captured Che on October 8^th and assassinated him the following day. His hands were cut off and his body was buried in an unmarked grave. Che played an important role in Fidel Castro’s reign of power from Dictator Fulgencio Batista and was later Minister of Industry. Che resigned from being Minister in 1956, then left to Africa and then to Bolivia where he was killed. In 1997, Che’s remains were found and sent back to Cuba, where he was buried in a ceremony attended by President Castro and thousands of Cubans. Che Guevara received heroic status around the world as a symbol of anti-imperialism and revolution. 

1968- Senator Robert Kennedy is assassinated by Sirhan Sirhan at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles. June 5^th, 1968 at 12:15 am Senator Kennedy was preparing to give a press conference at the ambassador hotel.  Robert was walking to where the conference would be held when, a man named Sirhan Sirhan stepped forward and fired a .22 revolver at the Senator. Robert was fatally wounded as well as five others but not as bad. Sirhan was arrested at the scene, charged and convicted with first degree murder. He was supposed to be executed but the Supreme Court did not approve and instead sentenced him to life in prison.  Sirhan was incarcerated at the Corcoran State Prison, California since then. Robert Kennedy will always be remembered

1968- On April 4^th, 1968 Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated by James Earl Ray.  Martin was a social activist who played an important role in the American Social Rights Movement in the mid- 1950’s. He fought for the treatment African Americans deserved. He was apart of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and lead the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The day of his assassination he was at a motel in Memphis on his way to dinner with friends. He stepped out onto the balcony, when a rifle was shot and Martin had a large wound covering his right jaw.  He was immediately rushed to the hospital and was pronounced dead at 7:05 that night. Martin was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 and is remembered each year on U.S federal holiday Martin Luther King Jr. Day in February.

1969- In 1969, a music festival where more than half a million people came together to show how a generation could be heard.  Woodstock was the pop culture music event of the decade. Act’s from all over the world met at Max Yasgur’s farm in Bethel, NY on August 15^th-18^th for a celebration of peace and music. To get originally get into the festival you would have to pay, but after thousands of people were lined up outside the festival area, the concert became free. 500,000 people gathered at Woodstock creating the largest gathering of human beings in one place in history.  Woodstock ’69 featured famous lineups such as Jimi Hendrix, Santana, Joe Crocker, Janis Joplin, and The Who.  The Woodstock has inspired and influence bands to this day. The crowd at Woodstock ’69 sent a message to the generation that individuals could come together peacefully to celebrate music and peace! 

Video - This video was made by Watch Mojo. The video is aout the History of the Woodstock Festival showing videos of the festival. The video starts off explaining what the Woodsotck Festival was. The Festival as three days of peace and music. The festival was originally an isolated studio in the forest, turning into a stage for an outdoor concert. The building of the stage and sound sytem cost over 2 milllion dollars. The festival was at the bottom of a 600 acre farm owned by Max Yasgur. The expected number of guest were doubled and after the fence surrounding the festival area was knocked down, the attendance number was half a million people. The downfalls of the festival were the usage of drugs, unsanitary conditions and food shortages due to rain, were all kept im mind during the planning of the next festival to come. The Woodsotck was a chance of young hippies to come together to have the party of their life!

1969- On November 10^th, 1969 the show “Sesame Street”  aired  on T.V. The show was created by Joan Cooney trying to create programming for preschoolers that would be both entertaining and educational. Sesame Street was a group of funny segment featuring puppet, animations shorts, and guest actors. The set was a fake New York neighborhood. The puppets were created by Puppeteer Jim Henson who created cast members Bert, Ernie, Cookie Monster, Oscar the Grouch, Grover, and Big Bird. The show has changed and introduced new characters. The show is viewed all over the world and in certain countries the characters relate to the lifestyle in that country.  Since, it’s debut over 74 million Americans have watched Sesame Street and about 8 million people watched Sesame Street in the U.S!  

Historical Events : 1960- 1965

1961- On August 13^th, 1961 the Berlin Wall was dividing Western Berlin from Eastern Germany. After World War II, the Berlin was divided into four sections. The Russians, Americans, British, and French each had a city under their power. The Russian section was covering almost all of eastern Berlin. Citizens of Berlin were able to move through all four sections but during the Cold War, movement became restricted with the border between east and western Germany was closed in 1952.  2 millions eastern Germans crossed the Border to western Germany between 1952 and 1961. To stop the migration, a wall was built bordering the tree sections of Berlin on August 13^th, 961. The wall was over 155km long and originally was made out of barbed wire, but then was replaced by a concrete wall. The border was also guarded by mesh fencing, signal fencing, anti-vehicle trenches, barbed wire, over 300 watch towers, and thirty bunkers. The wall was destroyed, but some is still left in three locations!  

1962- On May 31^st, 1962 Adolph Eichmann died in Tel Aviv, Israel after being hung for his part in the Holocaust. Adolph joined the Nazi Party in April 1932 and rose through party hierarchy. In 1942 a conference of Nazi high official was called to organize “logistics” of what the Nazis called the “final solution to the Jewish question”. The solution was execution and Adolph was the chief executioner. He transported all Jews from Europe to their destination being extermination camps in Poland. Adolph was captured by the U.S, but escaped from a prison camp in 1946. He then went to Buenos Aires, Argentina, where he was arrested by Israeli Secret Service Agents. His trial in Court lasted from April 11 to December 15^th, 1961 were he was sentenced to death. Adolph was hanged on May 31^st, and his ashes were dumped into the sea.  

1963- On November 22^nd, 1963 President John F. Kennedy and his guests arrived in Dallas Texas. They were in the presidential limousine with a series of cars in front and behind him. At about 12:30 p.m the limousine entered Dealey Plaza. Shortly after, a shot was fired.  The driver was told to “get out of here” but he hit the brakes instead, when a series of shots hit the presidential limousine and John F. Kennedy and John Connely. The limousine was rushed to the hospital were President John F. Kennedy was pronounced dead.  Police took initiative to investigate were witnesses said they saw shots coming from, the Texas School Book Depository. Once they investigated they found three cartridge cases, and a Mannlicher-Caracno rifle. A witness saw a man hiding behind passing police cars, and after the police was called the man arrested was Lee Harvey Oswald.  The police found out Lee worked at Texas School Book Depository and his finger print was on the rifle found at the Depository. Fellow workers said they saw Lee at 11:55 and another saying he saw Lee holding the rifle.  The police decided to take Lee to the county jail on November 24th when a man rushed up towards Lee and shot him in the stomach, dying soon after.  The Warren Commission stated that Lee Harvey Oswald fired the shots at John Kennedy and John Connely and there was no evidence on why Lee killed President Kennedy. President Kennedy will always be remembered for the work he did for the United States of America. 

Video- The video is a news broadcast from Dallas. The video starts off with regular TV programs when the program is cut and a news broadcast begins to take place. The news reporter states that “about ten or fifteen minutes ago President Kennedy and Governor John Connely where shot with a series of bullets while driving in an open automobile.  The president’s wife, Jacklyn holds her husband’s lint body as they rushed to the Hospital.” The news reporter then does an interview with a witness of the assassination of President Kennedy. His name was Abraham Zupruder, and he was trying to find a good spot to take pictures of the limousine driving down the street. Once he found a spot, he began to take pictures as the President was turning onto the street. Halfway down the street, Abraham heard a shot, and President Kennedy slumped to the side of the car. Another shot or two was fired when john. F Kennedy’s head opened with blood. Abraham brought his camera to the news station, willing to show the footage to the world, but it would be twelve years before all twenty-six seconds of the film would be broadcast. Abraham Zupruder did profit from the film, but he was disturbed of the footage he shot with his camera. President John Kennedy will be remembered.

1964- On March 27^th, 1964, at 5:36 p.m an earthquake of 9.2 magnitudes struck the Prince William Sound Region of Alaska. The earthquake was the second largest earthquake ever recorded in world history, with Chile’s earthquake 9.5 magnitudes in 1960. The earthquake only lasted for four minutes. IN the first day of the earthquake eleven aftershocks were recorded with magnitudes greater the 6.0, there were thousands of aftershocks during the year after the main shock. The earthquake caused many landslides and avalanches and to reconstruct what was damaged cause 300-400 million dollars.  The Alaskan tsunami was the second largest recorded, after Chile’s 1960 tsunami. The maximum heights of the waves were 70 meters tall.  About 131 people passed away due to the earthquake and 119 due to the tsunami. The Great Alaskan Earthquake and tsunami made a huge impact to Alaska.  

1964- On February 7^th, 1964, the English rock band the “Beatles” would come to America. It was the first American visit for band members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr, and George Harrison. They were greeted by 3,000 screaming fans giving the band a hard time getting of the plane. Once in America the quartet inspired “Beatlemania” with their mod suit and trademark bowl haircuts. Two days later the band made their first appearance on the Ed Sullivan Shows. The performance was filled with screaming teenage girls and about 73 million viewers in the U.S watched the show. The Beatles performed two more appearances on the Ed Sullivan Show and then three concerts in Washington D.C and in New York before heading back to England. They quickly planned their American Tour and sold millions of singles and albums including a movie called “Hard Day’s Night”. The Beatles music remained popular to the youth throughout the 1960’s. In 1970’s, the Beatles disbanded and began to pursue solo career leaving a legacy of 18 albums and 30 Top 10 U.S Singles!  

1965- Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. leads Civil Rights March in Alabama, from Selma to Montgomery. On March

7^th, 1965 about 700 civil right marchers headed out to Montgomery from Selma, Alabama. They didn’t get far before state and local lawmen attacked them with billy clubs and teargas, forcing them to walk back to Selma. Two days later Martin Luther King Jr. led the civil rights march to the Edmund Pettus Bridge where they had been forced back to Selma, two days ago. On March 21^st, about 3,200 walkers walked to Montgomery, walking 12 miles a day and sleeping in fields. Once they reached Montgomery, March 25, they’re 25,000 people participating in the Civil Rights March. In less than five months President Lyndon Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965.  

Video- This video is an excerpt from a PBS Documentary.  It shows the Civil Rights March through pictures and videos. There is a video of the marchers marching to Edmund Pettus Bridge, where Governor Wallace station Policemen with billy clubs and teargas. The policemen began to push the marchers forcing them back across the bridge, starting to beat them and drop teargas grenades along the paths. The event which is now called “Bloody Sunday” was witnessed on live television by a disturbed audience of Alabama. Governor Wallace supposedly never intended to hurt the marchers, but his police chief lost control of himself, letting those actions take place giving him a bad political image. That day created political impact, and days later President Lyndon Johnson asked Congress to pass the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The marched then continued on to Montgomery where thousands of citizens nation-wide President Johnson signed the Voting rights Act of 1965. 

Historical Events: 1956-1960

1956- On October 3th, 1956 the first game of the Baseball World Series between The New York Yankees and Brooklyn Dodgers. The Yankees won the Series in seven games, 4-3. On the first and second games the Brooklyn Dodgers won 6:3 and 13:8.  The Yankees stepped up their game and beat the Dodgers on October 6^th, 5:3 and on October 7^th, 6:2. The Yankees beat the Dodgers again on the fifth game 2:0 where Don Larsen pitched the first and only perfect no-hitter in World Series History. The Dodgers beat the Yankees 1:0 because Junior Gilliam, moved to second on bunt, and scored when Jackie Robinson drove a single over Slaughter’s head and scored a win. Game 7 was an easy win when the Yankees scored twice in the first inning, two more in the third, and ended up with a 9-0 score! 

Video- This video shows that last game of the World Series, first showing Dodger’s Pitcher Don Newcombe, pitches to Yogi Berra and he scores a homerun. Bases are loaded when Bill Scowron scores another homerun for the Yankees leaving the score 9:0. Next pitcher is Johnny Cooks with Jackie Robinson at base. Jackie strikes out but the umpire does not catch the ball. Jackie runs to first base only to get a strike.  The Yankees win their sixth championship with Coach Casey Stegal. 

Historical Events 1950- 1955

1950-  On the evening of January 17th, 1950 an infamous bank robbery occurred where $2.8 million was stolen in 17 minutes occurring on 165 Prince Street in Boston.  Eleven men were a part of the “Brinks Robbery” all wearing pea coats, gloves, chauffeur caps, Halloween mask’s covering their face, and to muffle footsteps crepe-soled shoes and rubbers.  The robbery was headlines for newspapers and police were already investigating. Suspects of the investigation includes Anthony Pino , Stanley Gusciora ,  Joseph O’Keefe,  Adolph Maffie, Henry Baker, Vincent Costa, James Faherty,  Joseph Banfield,  Elmer Burke, Michael Geagon,  and Thomas Francis Richardson. All were proven guilty for the robbery after Joseph O’Keefe revealed the plan and how the robbery took place.  Six years of investigation and trials the eleven men were arrested on January 11^th, 1956, the eleven criminals were charged with (1) conspiracy to commit theft of Government property, robbery of government property, and bank robbery by force and violence and by intimidation, (2) committing bank robbery on January 17, 1950, and committing an assault on Brink's employees during the taking of the money, and (3) conspiracy to receive and conceal money in violation of the Bank Robbery and Theft of Government Property Statutes. In addition, McGinnis was named in two other complaints involving the receiving and concealing of the loot. On October 5, 1956 all men were guilty and was sentenced to two year sentences, life sentences and sentences of eight to ten years in jail. 

1951- San Francisco Peace Treaty between Japan and part of the Allied Powers was officially signed by forty-eight nations on September 8, 1951, at the War Memorial Opera House in San Francisco. It then came into force on April 28, 1952. The treaty served to officially end World War II. The treaty is said to mark the beginning of the “San Francisco System”; signifies the effects of Japan’s relationship with the United States. Consisting of seven chapters and a preamble, the San Francisco Peace Treaty specifies the settlements terms of war-related issues.  Supporters of the treaty gather to honor the 50^th Anniversary of the treaty in San Francisco.

Video- This video is about Prime Minsiter Shigeru Yoshida and Chief treaty of Japan shows his pleasure and kindness to the members of the press for their kindness and understanding. He tells the press he has just returned from signing the Peace treaty and security pact.  He promises Japan to greater courage and wisdom then before. The Prime Minister also hopes the treaty will tie the U.S's freindship with Japan and continue with future cooperation. He wants the assurance that Japan's government and people will take responsibility in the peace and manner history now demands. The Prime Minister has kept his word and now firendship between the United States and Japan stay firm.

1952- Richard Nixon makes one of many speeches in answer to allegations against him. The speech was called the “Checkers” relating to a Cocker Spaniel dog. Nixon supposedly had a secret fund but he said all he had accepted was the gift of the Cocker Spaniel named “Checkers”. The press became aware of the fund, two months after Nixon was selected as General Dwight Eisenhower’s running mate. The story of Nixon’s secret funds and dog became known and a controversy began whether he should stay on the ticket.Nixon responded with a speech that was aired on television and radio on September 23^rd, 1952 stating he will only keep the Cocker Spaniel dog. Urging to call the Republican National Committee on whether he should stay on ticket. Richard Nixon was voted back on ticket on November, 1952. 

Video- This video is the Checker's Speech spoken by Senator Richard Nixon. He explains what he has been charged for in detail. Nixon, agrees that he did take a secret fund of 18,000 dollars from a group of his supportors. He questions if  his actions were wrong not only because it was illegal but becasue it was secretley handled for his own personal usage, and because the contributors got special favors for the contributitions they made. Nixon replies  by saying not one cent of the fund was used for his personal usage but for political expenses that in his opinion should not be brought to the txpayers of the U.S. He also says the fund was not secret because on a press conference a fellow co-worker asked if the fund was secret and Nixon denied and gave his explanation of Political Expenses. Nixon explains about the Cocker Spaniel Dog "Checkers" was a gift, but he will not return. He continues to explain his actions and denies the secret fund for his personal usage.

1953-   On May 29^th, 1953 Edmund Hilary and Tensing Norgay became the first humans to climb Mt. Everest. They were a part of an expedition of climbing the mountain but not to the top. Two other climbers were unsuccessful with their expedition due to weather conditions so the expedition to climb Mt. Everest was delayed. Edmund and Tensing sent out for the expedition with help of George Lowe, Alfred Gregory, and Ang Nyima. The team camped for a night and set to finish climbing the Mountain the next morning. The hardest part of climbing the Mountain was a forty-foot rock face, where Edmund saw a wedge between the rock and the ice and Tensing followed his steps. Afterwards the expedition to the top was easy and they reached the top of the Summit at 11:30 A.M, May 29^th, 1953.  

1953- Marilyn Monroe becomes a famous actress after the film “Niagara” comes out in 1953. She was at the top of Hollywood’s A-list and in January of 1954 she married baseball great Joe DiMaggio. Joe became uncomfortable with his wife’s image and popularity and ended getting a divorce after nine months. After the divorce, Marilyn tried to take on serious roles and studied at the Actor’s Studio in New York.  She released films with a “serious role” such as Bus Stop, The Prince and the Showgirl, and Some Like It Hot. By 1961 Marilyn began to have emotional breakdowns after her third marriage and was admitted to hospitals for psychiatric observation twice. Her last film was “The Misfits” in 1961 after being fired by Fox for absence on movie sets. On August 5^th, 1962 Marilyn was found dead in her house from an overdose of drugs at the age of 36.

1954- The Landmark case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was about School segregation. United States Supreme Court had to make a landmark decision declaring state laws establishing public schools for black and white students unconstitutional. This first began controversy when  a young girl name Linda Brown was turned down from being enrolled in a “white school” because she was African American. Other parents were dealing with the same situation and they filed lawsuits against the Topeka Board of Education. Many African American children and parents felt they did not have the same education the “white schools” were being taught because of their race. After Linda’s father Olivia Brown (the case was Brown v. Board of Education because Oliver Brown was first on the list of lawsuits) was turned down from the state court, the case was taken to the Supreme court. The same case was being held in many other states and they joined as one to fight for their rights. The lawyers of parents and the Board of Education argued for three days and the Supreme court talked it over for seven months. After three years of the case, the Supreme Court thought it was not fair to separate white and black children in different schools and both white and black children had the same education without being separated.

Video- This video is an excerpt from Discovery Channel about the Brown. V. Board of Education. The video shows the case through pictures, videos, newspaper clippings, and speeches of Presidents. The video explains why Oliver Brown ( Linda’s father) felt his daughter and race should be placed in a school with white kids.  The aftermath of the case,  starting an uproar of controversy and protest’s. Pictures of white students beating up black students and signs held during protests. An excerpt of President John. F. Kennedy and President Eisenhower’s speech stating that it does not matter of what race you are , you should be treated equally. Eventually this controversy of human equality ended making each one of us equal.

1954- The Vietnam War was a devastating war for world history.  The war began in 1954 after the rise of Ho Chi Minh leader of North Vietnam fighting against South Vietnam and the United States. More than 3 million people including 58,000 Americans were killed in the Vietnam War and half were Vietnamese civilians. During the Cold War, the United States wanted to end communism and Ho Chi Minh was spreading communism to Vietnam, already beginning to take over North Vietnam. The United States thought Communism would become known with Americans and start affecting the government.  By 1969, 500, 000 military soldiers were involved with the Vietnam Conflict. The war lead to anti-war protest in America, leading to President Nixon to bring back U.S forces in 1973. In 1975 communist forces gained control of Saigon ending the War and Vietnam was unified as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam the next year.

                          http://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/videos#the-road-to-war

Video- This video is a video from the History.com.  It explains how the United States became involved in the war and the result as well. When the Vietnam Communist chased out the French in 1954 United States Leader’s were left with a dilemma. They feared that South Vietnam would become Communist and Communism would influence other countries such as Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and India. The conflict with Vietnam and the United States became noticed throughout the U.s when North Vietnamese patrol boat attacked Navy boat, USS Maddox in the Gulf Of Tonkin. This made a decision for President Lyndon Johnson, when he ordered military forces to take action and reply after the Navy ships being attacked by the Northern Vietnamese.  Within five years at war, 500,00 soldiers were sent out to Vietnam and 2.5 millions Americans served in the war when it finally fell to the communist in 1975.